Время суток (at 6 o'clock, at night...); Устойчивые слов-ия: at the weekend, at Christmas/Easter, at the moment, at present, at first/at last, at a time, at the same time, at all times, at the end of June, at this age
ON
Дни и даты (on Sunday, on 9 November...); Устойчивые слов-ия: on time(not late), on(=after) arrival, on getting to the airport
IN
Более длинные периоды (месяцы/годы-времена года); Устойчивые слов-ия: in the morning/afternoon/evening, in a few minutes, in two months, in his forties, in time(for smth=soon enough), in no time(very quickly), in the end
FOR
for a long time, for ages, for the weekend, for ever
SINCE
since las year/spring, since 1999, since morning, since 3 o'clock
BY
by 5 o'clock, by tomorrow, by 2000, be the end of July
TILL, FROM
till 5 o'clock, till Monday, till the early morning, from 7 till 12 o'clock, from early morning till late at night, from time to time
NO PREPOSITION
this week/month/day, last Friday/last time/last night, next week/month/year/Friday/next time, every day